Language, Vocabulary, and Early Literacy Development
Language is a systematic means of communicating ideas or feelings by the use of
conventionalized signs, sounds, gestures, or marks having understood meanings. Language is the most important mental achievement of early childhood. Language allows a child to express his or her needs and feelings and enables an adult to respond appropriately. Language allows a child to learn about and express ideas and thoughts related to the environment in which he or she lives. Language allows a child to clarify his or her thinking and extend it imaginatively. A child learns language as he or she interacts with responsive adults and peers and experiences language use in meaningful context.
Exhibits developmentally appropriate receptive language
1.1 Listens to others with understanding (particularly in one-on-one situations)
1.2 Listens attentively to a short story and especially to stories about himself or
herself
1.3 Recognizes environmental sounds
1.4 Listens to music and the sounds produced by musical instruments
1.5 Understands and follows simple one or two step directions
2. Exhibits developmentally appropriate oral language for communication purposes
2.1 Shows an increase in vocabulary with the majority of words spoken being
understood by the teacher/caregiver
2.2 Identifies common objects and pictures
2.3 Uses language to express actions
2.4 Uses language to express emotions and ideas
2.5 Uses language to recall a sequence of events
2.6 Becomes aware of the structure of the language
3. Demonstrates phonological awareness
3.1 Recognizes sound patterns and can repeat them
3.2 Sings short songs and repeats portions of simple rhymes
4. Demonstrates an awareness of print
4.1 Turns pages of a book, looking at each page and picture
4.2 Tells a story following the pictures in a book
Mathematical Concepts Development
Mathematics is everywhere and relates to almost every experience in a young child's life.
Mathematics is interrelated with other subjects such as science, art, language, physical
movement, and music. Most of what a young child learns is a combination of different concepts. Mathematics must be taught using connections to the child's real world instead of using isolated skills and procedures. When connections are made to real life objects, people, places, and experiences, mathematics is easier to understand and provides many opportunities for a young child to construct and extend his or her understanding and knowledge in a meaningful way.
1. Number sense, number operations, and number relationships
1.1 Matches, one to one, pairs of objects that are alike and pairs of objects that are
related but not alike
1.2 Rote count (e.g., counts to five or beyond from memory)
1.3 Rational count (e.g., counts from three to five objects in a group to determine “how many”
objects are in the group)
2. Patterns and relationships
2.1 Copies, creates, and extends auditory, visual, verbal, and physical movement patterns
3. Compare, classify (sort), and order
3.1 Makes size comparisons between objects using language (e.g., big/small, short/tall,
full/empty, etc.)
3.2 Classifies (sorts) objects into categories (e.g., size, shape, color, etc.)
3.3 Orders objects based on size, weight, length, or height
4. Geometry and spatial sense
4.1 Recognizes and identifies shapes such as squares, circles, triangles, and rectangles
4.2 Uses positional words to indicate where objects are in space (i.e., in, out, under,
beside, between, on, etc.)
5. Parts and wholes
5.1 Identifies the missing part of an object or picture of an object (e.g., the wheel piece is missing
from the truck puzzle).
5.2 Recognizes that the amount of a whole remains the same when divided into two parts (e.g.,
when an apple is cut in half (two parts) it is still one apple)
Scientific Investigation
A young child’s natural curiosity about the world in which he or she lives demands a hands-on approach to the study of science. A young child’s exploration and investigation becomes meaningful when there is a caring and knowledgeable adult present to explain and talk about a concept or principle. Conditions must be favorable for observation, exploration, and investigation of scientific concepts using materials in the child’s classroom or specimens from the natural world outside the classroom.
Acquires scientific knowledge related to life science
1.1 Begins to observe, explore, and describe a wide variety of live animals and where
they live
1.2 Begins to notice individual characteristics of self and living things
2. Acquires scientific knowledge related to earth science
2.1 Begins to recognize characteristics of different seasons and describe weather
2.2 Begins to develop an understanding of time-related vocabulary
3. Engages in simple investigations using science processes
3.1 Begins to identify materials by texture (smooth/rough, soft/hard)
3.2 Recognizes basic colors (e.g., red, blue, green, yellow, etc.)
3.3 Begins to demonstrate understanding of the five senses as related to body parts
3.4 Begins to compare, sort, classify, order, ask questions, use patterns, and engage in
simple investigations using tools and objects
4. Develops an understanding of rules and routines related to health and safety
practices
4.1 Demonstrates growing independence in hygiene, toileting, nutrition, and personal
care
4.3 Begins to follow rules and respond appropriately during emergency drills
4.4 Begins to recognize dangerous situations
Social/Emotional Development
A child's early relationships with parents, teachers, caregivers, and peers are the foundation for social competence and emotional security. A solid base of social competence and emotional security enables a child to participate fully in learning experiences. A child's future achievement and experiences are more productive and positive when he or she has a sense of personal wellbeing grounded in stable, caring relationships in the early years. An unhappy, angry, stressed, or fearful child is preoccupied and unable to give his or her full attention and engagement to learning experiences.
Engages in different kinds of play in various settings
1.1 Engages in solitary, parallel, and onlooker play in various settings
1.2 Engages in creative, imaginary, dramatic, and musical play in various settings
2. Develops self-help skills
2.1 Shows interest and curiosity in different activities and begins to make choices
2.2 Shows flexibility, inventiveness, and interest in solving problems
2.3 Begins to complete common tasks independently and seek help with more
difficult tasks
3. Develops social awareness and participates in a supportive classroom community
3.1 Transitions with ease and follows established classroom rules and
routines
3.2 Responds to simple requests, helps with simple housekeeping tasks, and shows
respect for classroom materials
3.3 Begins to show an awareness of and care for living things
3.4 Begins to “take a turn,” show an interest in communicating and sharing
information with others, interact with others during group time, and understand
that toys and materials can be owned by others
4. Develops self-discipline and a positive self-concept
4.1 Begins to express frustrations and anger without harming self, others, or property
4.2 Begins to understand that families are different and multicultural
4.3 Begins to express “personal space boundaries”
4.4 Begins to show preferences and express wishes
4.5 Begins to offer and accept affections and encouraging words from other children
and adults
Physical Development
Physical movement is the center of a young child's life. A three year old child needs the
opportunity to participate in experiences that foster fundamental motor and movement skills. Physical movement activities are critical for building a foundation in cognitive abilities, emergent literacy and mathematics. Further, social and emotional development is strengthened through movement. Physical movement enhances a child's growth, cognitive development and self-awareness.
1. Develops sense of body coordination and explores moving in space
1.1 Begins to develop sense of balance and body coordination
1.2 Begins to move in rhythm to songs and music
2. Develops gross-motor skills
2.1 Begins to develop large muscle coordination and greater control in movement
2.2 Begins to participate in group activities involving movement
3. Develops fine-motor skills
3.1 Begins to develop small muscle coordination using manipulative materials that
vary in size, shape, and skill requirements
3.2 Begins to experiment with a wide variety of writing tools and drawing materials
3.3 Begins to show interest in technology
Language is a systematic means of communicating ideas or feelings by the use of
conventionalized signs, sounds, gestures, or marks having understood meanings. Language is the most important mental achievement of early childhood. Language allows a child to express his or her needs and feelings and enables an adult to respond appropriately. Language allows a child to learn about and express ideas and thoughts related to the environment in which he or she lives. Language allows a child to clarify his or her thinking and extend it imaginatively. A child learns language as he or she interacts with responsive adults and peers and experiences language use in meaningful context.
Exhibits developmentally appropriate receptive language
1.1 Listens to others with understanding (particularly in one-on-one situations)
1.2 Listens attentively to a short story and especially to stories about himself or
herself
1.3 Recognizes environmental sounds
1.4 Listens to music and the sounds produced by musical instruments
1.5 Understands and follows simple one or two step directions
2. Exhibits developmentally appropriate oral language for communication purposes
2.1 Shows an increase in vocabulary with the majority of words spoken being
understood by the teacher/caregiver
2.2 Identifies common objects and pictures
2.3 Uses language to express actions
2.4 Uses language to express emotions and ideas
2.5 Uses language to recall a sequence of events
2.6 Becomes aware of the structure of the language
3. Demonstrates phonological awareness
3.1 Recognizes sound patterns and can repeat them
3.2 Sings short songs and repeats portions of simple rhymes
4. Demonstrates an awareness of print
4.1 Turns pages of a book, looking at each page and picture
4.2 Tells a story following the pictures in a book
Mathematical Concepts Development
Mathematics is everywhere and relates to almost every experience in a young child's life.
Mathematics is interrelated with other subjects such as science, art, language, physical
movement, and music. Most of what a young child learns is a combination of different concepts. Mathematics must be taught using connections to the child's real world instead of using isolated skills and procedures. When connections are made to real life objects, people, places, and experiences, mathematics is easier to understand and provides many opportunities for a young child to construct and extend his or her understanding and knowledge in a meaningful way.
1. Number sense, number operations, and number relationships
1.1 Matches, one to one, pairs of objects that are alike and pairs of objects that are
related but not alike
1.2 Rote count (e.g., counts to five or beyond from memory)
1.3 Rational count (e.g., counts from three to five objects in a group to determine “how many”
objects are in the group)
2. Patterns and relationships
2.1 Copies, creates, and extends auditory, visual, verbal, and physical movement patterns
3. Compare, classify (sort), and order
3.1 Makes size comparisons between objects using language (e.g., big/small, short/tall,
full/empty, etc.)
3.2 Classifies (sorts) objects into categories (e.g., size, shape, color, etc.)
3.3 Orders objects based on size, weight, length, or height
4. Geometry and spatial sense
4.1 Recognizes and identifies shapes such as squares, circles, triangles, and rectangles
4.2 Uses positional words to indicate where objects are in space (i.e., in, out, under,
beside, between, on, etc.)
5. Parts and wholes
5.1 Identifies the missing part of an object or picture of an object (e.g., the wheel piece is missing
from the truck puzzle).
5.2 Recognizes that the amount of a whole remains the same when divided into two parts (e.g.,
when an apple is cut in half (two parts) it is still one apple)
Scientific Investigation
A young child’s natural curiosity about the world in which he or she lives demands a hands-on approach to the study of science. A young child’s exploration and investigation becomes meaningful when there is a caring and knowledgeable adult present to explain and talk about a concept or principle. Conditions must be favorable for observation, exploration, and investigation of scientific concepts using materials in the child’s classroom or specimens from the natural world outside the classroom.
Acquires scientific knowledge related to life science
1.1 Begins to observe, explore, and describe a wide variety of live animals and where
they live
1.2 Begins to notice individual characteristics of self and living things
2. Acquires scientific knowledge related to earth science
2.1 Begins to recognize characteristics of different seasons and describe weather
2.2 Begins to develop an understanding of time-related vocabulary
3. Engages in simple investigations using science processes
3.1 Begins to identify materials by texture (smooth/rough, soft/hard)
3.2 Recognizes basic colors (e.g., red, blue, green, yellow, etc.)
3.3 Begins to demonstrate understanding of the five senses as related to body parts
3.4 Begins to compare, sort, classify, order, ask questions, use patterns, and engage in
simple investigations using tools and objects
4. Develops an understanding of rules and routines related to health and safety
practices
4.1 Demonstrates growing independence in hygiene, toileting, nutrition, and personal
care
4.3 Begins to follow rules and respond appropriately during emergency drills
4.4 Begins to recognize dangerous situations
Social/Emotional Development
A child's early relationships with parents, teachers, caregivers, and peers are the foundation for social competence and emotional security. A solid base of social competence and emotional security enables a child to participate fully in learning experiences. A child's future achievement and experiences are more productive and positive when he or she has a sense of personal wellbeing grounded in stable, caring relationships in the early years. An unhappy, angry, stressed, or fearful child is preoccupied and unable to give his or her full attention and engagement to learning experiences.
Engages in different kinds of play in various settings
1.1 Engages in solitary, parallel, and onlooker play in various settings
1.2 Engages in creative, imaginary, dramatic, and musical play in various settings
2. Develops self-help skills
2.1 Shows interest and curiosity in different activities and begins to make choices
2.2 Shows flexibility, inventiveness, and interest in solving problems
2.3 Begins to complete common tasks independently and seek help with more
difficult tasks
3. Develops social awareness and participates in a supportive classroom community
3.1 Transitions with ease and follows established classroom rules and
routines
3.2 Responds to simple requests, helps with simple housekeeping tasks, and shows
respect for classroom materials
3.3 Begins to show an awareness of and care for living things
3.4 Begins to “take a turn,” show an interest in communicating and sharing
information with others, interact with others during group time, and understand
that toys and materials can be owned by others
4. Develops self-discipline and a positive self-concept
4.1 Begins to express frustrations and anger without harming self, others, or property
4.2 Begins to understand that families are different and multicultural
4.3 Begins to express “personal space boundaries”
4.4 Begins to show preferences and express wishes
4.5 Begins to offer and accept affections and encouraging words from other children
and adults
Physical Development
Physical movement is the center of a young child's life. A three year old child needs the
opportunity to participate in experiences that foster fundamental motor and movement skills. Physical movement activities are critical for building a foundation in cognitive abilities, emergent literacy and mathematics. Further, social and emotional development is strengthened through movement. Physical movement enhances a child's growth, cognitive development and self-awareness.
1. Develops sense of body coordination and explores moving in space
1.1 Begins to develop sense of balance and body coordination
1.2 Begins to move in rhythm to songs and music
2. Develops gross-motor skills
2.1 Begins to develop large muscle coordination and greater control in movement
2.2 Begins to participate in group activities involving movement
3. Develops fine-motor skills
3.1 Begins to develop small muscle coordination using manipulative materials that
vary in size, shape, and skill requirements
3.2 Begins to experiment with a wide variety of writing tools and drawing materials
3.3 Begins to show interest in technology
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